![]() ![]() The global production of AP is estimated at an average of 4 million/year and is expected to have an increase in the future. Among them, large groups are by-products of the fruit processing industries, such as the apple juice industry, the disposal of the major by-products of which (i.e., apple pomace-AP) can pose serious environmental problems or even public health hazards if incinerated and/or dumped. The largest amount of waste (approximately 44% of the total amount of waste generated in the world) is food and green waste. The 2018 edition of What a Waste 2.0: A Global Snapshot of Solid Waste Management to 2050 estimated that the global municipal solid waste production will be 2.01 billion tons per year, and is projected to grow to 3.4 billion tons per year by 2050. Moreover, there are no signs of deceleration of this trend in the near future. ![]() Technological advancement, economic development, urbanization, population growth and consumer habits have significantly contributed to a rapid increase in waste generation. Given the increasing mass of produced AP, the commercial applications of AP could have a huge economic impact in the future.Įffective waste management is one of the greatest environmental challenges the world is facing today. ![]() In the future, AP and its active ingredients can be of great use due to their non-toxicity, biodegradability and biocompatibility. Raw or processed forms of AP can also be considered as feedstocks for various bioenergy applications such as the production of intermediate bioenergy carriers (e.g., biogas and pyrolysis oil), and materials (e.g., biochar and activated carbon). The recovered active compounds from AP can be applied as preservatives, antioxidants, anti-corrosion agents, wood protectors or biopolymers. This review shows that AP can be successfully reused in different industrial sectors-for example, as a source of energy and bio-materials-according to the idea of sustainable development. If not managed properly, such bio-organic waste can cause serious pollution of the natural environment and public health hazards, mainly due to the risk of microbial contamination. In many countries, apple pomace (AP) is one of the most produced types of agri-food waste (globally, it is produced at a rate of ~4 million tons/year). ![]()
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